Mammograms in a 51-year-old woman with invasive ductal carcinoma. The upper panels show the craniocaudal and the mediolateral oblique views. The lower panels show a close-up of the left breast area containing the lesion. The case is one of the false-negative cases included in the dataset. Accordingly, the initial screening assessment was a BI-RADS 2, meaning visible findings were judged as benign. After 1 year, the patient presented for another screening examination. This time, a focal asymmetry with associated distortion within the left breast was noticed; the patient was recalled and diagnosed with a 1.5-cm mass in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast on the craniocaudal view (circle).
November 4, 2020 — Artificial intelligence (AI) can enhance the performance of radiologists in reading breast cancer screening mammograms, according to a study published in Radiology: Artificial Intelligence.
Breast cancer screening with mammography has been shown to improve prognosis and reduce mortality by detecting disease at an earlier, more treatable stage. However, many cancers are missed on screening mammography, and suspicious findings often turn out to be benign. An earlier study from Radiology found that, on average, only 10% of women recalled from screening for additional diagnostic workup based on suspicious findings are ultimately found to have cancer.
AI-based algorithms represent a promising avenue for improving the accuracy of digital mammography. Developers “train” the AI on existing images, teaching it to recognize abnormalities associated with cancer and distinguish them from benign findings. The programs can then be tested on different sets of images. AI offers not only the possibility of better cancer detection but also improved efficiency for radiologists.
For the study, researchers used MammoScreen, an AI tool that can be applied with mammography to aid in cancer detection. The AI system is designed to identify regions suspicious for breast cancer on 2D digital mammograms and assess their likelihood of malignancy. The system takes as input the complete set of four views composing a mammogram and outputs a set of image positions with a related suspicion score.
Fourteen radiologists assessed a dataset of 240 2-D digital mammography images acquired between 2013 and 2016 that included different types of abnormalities. Half of the dataset was read without AI and the other half with the help of AI during a first session and without during a second session.
Average sensitivity for cancer increased slightly when using AI support. AI also helped reduce the rate of false negatives, or findings that look normal even though cancer is present.
“The results show that MammoScreen may help to improve radiologists’ performance in breast cancer detection,” said Serena Pacilè, Ph.D., clinical research manager at Therapixel, where the software was developed.
The improved diagnostic performance of radiologists in the detection of breast cancer was achieved without prolonging their workflow. In cases with a low likelihood of malignancy, reading time decreased in the second reading session. This reduced reading time could increase overall radiologists’ efficiency, allowing them to focus their attention on the more suspicious examinations, the researchers said.
In March, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) cleared MammoScreen for use in the clinic, where it could help reduce the workload of radiologists, according to Pacilè.
The researchers plan to explore the behavior of the AI tool on a large screening-based population and its ability to detect breast cancer earlier.
For more information: www.rsna.org
April 24, 2024 
