October 14, 2011 — For patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), accurate determination of lymph node status before therapy is critical to develop an individualized treatment plan. Research from the October issue of The Journal of Nuclear Medicine highlights a new way for this information to be collected—a virtual fly-through three-dimensional 18F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) bronchoscopy that has high diagnostic accuracy for the detection of regional lymph node metastases.
Till A. Heusner, M.D., is senior author of the study “Diagnostic Accuracy of Virtual 18F-FDG PET/CT Bronchoscopy for the Detection of Lymph Node Metastases in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients.” According to Heusner, this is one of the first studies dealing with a virtual bronchoscopy program that integrates functional information and anatomical data.
To determine the effectiveness of the virtual bronchoscopy, researchers performed whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT scans on 61 consecutive NSCLC patients. From the data collected, the bronchoscopies were reconstructed and diagnostic accuracy of detection of regional lymph node metastases was evaluated using the 18F-FDG PET/CT scans as a standard of reference.
Researchers measured:
- Mean duration time from the start of the virtual bronchoscopy until the images were displayed;
- Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax);
- SUVmean;
- Short-axis diameter and;
- Distance of the airways of the regional lymph nodes.
Results from the virtual fly-through showed diagnostic accuracy for the detection of lymph node metastases was 81 percent. The mean duration from the start of the virtual 18F-FDG PET/CT bronchoscopy tool until image display was 22 seconds, and the mean smallest diameter of accessible bronchi was 3 mm. The differences in the SUVmax, SUVmean, short-axis diameter and distance to the airways among both true and false positive and true and false negative lymph nodes also were statistically significant.
As such, the authors concluded that virtual 18F-FDG PET/CT bronchoscopy enables non-invasive fly-through—even in relatively small airways in the periphery of the lung—with high diagnostic accuracy.
According to Heusner, as a complement to PET/CT imaging, the software may be used to virtually visualize the bronchial system before interventional procedures; this will be helpful to plan optical bronchoscopies and define regions where a bronchoscopy-guided biopsy may be most promising for sampling of malignant tissue.
He added, “With the virtual fly-through three-dimensional 18F-FDG PET/CT bronchoscopy, nuclear medicine physicians may be able to present images that better meet the needs of the referring clinicians, as the tool simulates the bronchoscopic view a pulmonologist is accustomed to. This technique may also improve the process of acquiring tissue samples for characterization with emerging molecular diagnostics that can guide application of new targeted therapies in lung cancer.”
Lung and bronchus cancers represent the cancer types with the most cancer-related deaths in the United States, both in female and in male patients. It was the most common newly diagnosed cancer type in the United States in 2010, with more than 220,000 patients diagnosed. NSCLC accounts for approximately 80 percent of all lung cancer disease.
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![(A) PET images of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-ZCAM241 uptake at baseline and 3, 7, and 12 days after injection as inflammatory arthritis developed in single representative individual mouse. Images are normalized to SUV of 0.5 for direct comparison between time points. (B) CD69 immunofluorescence Sytox (Thermo Fisher Scientific) staining of joints of representative animals during matching time points.](/sites/default/files/styles/feed_medium/public/PET%20Tracers.jpeg?itok=P5Di6MIe)
